Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical design. Accurately mapping these voids is crucial for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be expensive and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical resistivi
Geotechnical exploration methods are crucial for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These voids can significantly impact the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and terrain. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. These include drilling, geophysical techniques such as grou
Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral resources. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the observation of physi